Complete Crutches Guide - Compare and Choose

The Complete Crutch Guide

How to choose the ideal crutch for every rehabilitation need

Why does crutch choice matter?

Crutches are assistive walking devices designed to partially or completely reduce weight-bearing on one or both lower limbs, providing stability, safety, and independence during recovery from orthopedic injuries, surgical procedures, or neurological conditions that impair mobility.

Although they all share the same objective—assisting with walking—there are different models, construction materials, and support systems. Each is designed to meet specific needs related to duration of use, user weight, degree of mobility, and type of rehabilitation.

An inappropriate choice can reduce comfort, increase physical exertion, lead to pain in the hands, shoulders, and forearms, as well as compromise balance and increase the risk of falls.

Knowing the different types of crutches allows for the selection of the most suitable model for each clinical situation, contributing to a safer, more comfortable, and more efficient recovery.

How are crutches classified?

Crutches can be classified according to the support point used during walking.

CRUTCHES

├── AXILLARY CRUTCHES
│      │
│      ├── Aluminum
│      │      ├── Conventional
│      │      └── Bariatric
│      │
│      └── Wood
│             └── Temporary use
│
├── FOREARM CRUTCHES (LOFSTRAND CRUTCHES)
│      ├── Fixed Cuff
│      └── Articulated Cuff
│
└── PEDIATRIC CRUTCHES
       ├── Axillary
       └── Forearm

This classification facilitates identifying the most appropriate model based on the user's needs.

General Comparison of Main Crutch Types

General Comparison by Characteristics

Axillary Crutches

The axillary crutch remains the most widely used model in hospitals, clinics, and orthopedic services due to the high stability it offers during ambulation.

Its support is primarily through the hands, with the upper structure serving only as a reference near the armpit.

Important: body weight should not be directly supported by the armpits, as this can compress nerves and blood vessels.

Axillary crutches can be classified according to their manufacturing material and load capacity.

Comparison: Wooden vs. Aluminum Axillary Crutch

Wooden Crutch

Traditionally used for many years, it stands out for its robustness and high mechanical strength.

Advantages:

• Very sturdy structure.
• Excellent stability.
• High durability.
• Lower acquisition cost.

Limitations:

• Heavier.
• Limited adjustment.
• Less practical for transport.

Aluminum Crutch

It is currently the market standard. Its lightness and height adjustment provide greater comfort and adaptability to the user.

Advantages:

• Very light.
• Telescopic adjustment.
• Easy to transport.
• Excellent corrosion resistance.

Applications: hospitals, clinics, post-operative care, and home use.

Comparison: Conventional vs. Bariatric Axillary Crutch

Although visually similar, they have important structural differences.

* According to manufacturer's specifications.

When to choose bariatric:

• Users with higher body weight.
• Greater mechanical demand.
• Need for greater structural safety.

Forearm Crutches (Lofstrand Crutches)

Forearm crutches use support on the forearm and hands, providing greater freedom of movement. They are widely used in prolonged rehabilitation programs and by patients who require greater functional independence. They are currently divided into two main models.

Comparison: Fixed Cuff vs. Articulated Cuff Forearm Crutch

Forearm Crutch with Fixed Cuff

This is the most widespread model. It offers excellent stability and great cost-benefit.

Applications: temporary recoveries, home use, and orthopedic rehabilitation.

Forearm Crutch with Articulated Cuff

Developed to provide greater comfort during prolonged use. The articulated cuff allows for natural forearm movement, reducing effort and improving ergonomics during long walks.

Advantages:

• Natural forearm movement.
• Greater comfort during prolonged use.
• Ease of sitting and standing.
• Superior ergonomics.

Pediatric Crutches

Pediatric crutches are versions adapted to the size and needs of children. Available in axillary and forearm models, they have reduced dimensions, height adjustment suitable for growth, and lighter materials.

Indications:

• Pediatric orthopedic recovery.
• Fractures and post-operative care in children.
• Conditions that temporarily impair walking.

How to choose the correct crutch?

The choice of the ideal model should consider the user's clinical profile and the rehabilitation objective.

Selection Flowchart

How to choose the correct crutch size

* Height ranges are for reference only. The final choice should always consider the adjustment and specifications provided by the manufacturer.

Before buying your crutch

• ✔ Check the minimum and maximum height indicated by the manufacturer.
• ✔ Confirm that the adjustment range is compatible with your height.
• ✔ Adjust the handgrip to keep the elbow slightly bent (20° to 30°).
• ✔ For axillary crutches, keep the top support 2 to 5 cm below the armpit, avoiding direct weight bearing on this area.
• ✔ For forearm crutches, position the cuff about 3 to 5 cm below the elbow.
• ✔ Always follow the guidance of a healthcare professional to ensure correct adjustment and safe use.

Good Practices for Use

Important: Correct crutch height adjustment is essential to prevent strain on the shoulders, wrists, and spine. Always instruct the user with a qualified professional before use.

• Adjust the height according to the user's stature.
• Regularly check the condition of the non-slip tips.
• Do not bear body weight directly on the armpits (axillary crutch).
• Replace worn tips to prevent falls.
• Use appropriate footwear while using crutches.

Myths and Facts

Conclusion

The correct choice of crutch directly contributes to safety, comfort, and rehabilitation efficiency. Understanding the differences between models — axillary, forearm, pediatric, and bariatric — allows for the selection of the most appropriate device for each clinical situation.

More than selecting a model, it is crucial to ensure correct adjustment and instruct the user on the safe use of the equipment.

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